Scientists at the University of Southern Denmark have uncovered a set of 177 genes that appear to drive or restrain metastasis across multiple cancer types. Using advanced single-cell RNA sequencing in over 200 tumors, the research team found that these genes are involved in fundamental processes fueling the spread of cancer to distant organs.

Among the most notable discoveries were SP1, which appears to promote metastasis, and KLF5, which seems to inhibit it. This is a shift from the notion that each cancer type spreads via highly distinct molecular pathways, and instead suggests a universal, or “pan-cancer,” mechanism for metastatic progression.

By identifying this common genetic signature, doctors may one day be able to gauge a patient’s risk of metastasis simply by analyzing the tumor’s gene expression profile.

Another promising avenue is the repurposing of existing drugs that already have FDA approval, such as Vorinostat, which was highlighted in the study as a potential agent to block metastasis. Because these medications are already in clinical use, moving them into trials focused on preventing metastatic spread may be quicker than developing new drugs from scratch.

Although the laboratory and animal results are promising, human trials will be necessary to confirm safety and efficacy in patients.

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